Rav Dovid Hanaggid ben Avrohom ben Rambam (1300)

Rav Chanoch Henach Dov Maier of Alesk, the Lev Sameyach (1800-1884). Rav Chanoch married Frieda Rokeach, daughter of the first Belzer Rebbe, Rav Shalom. Following the death of Rav Berish Flam, Rav Chanoch was elected Rebbe of Alesk.

Rav Yitzchak Bar Sheshes, the Rivash (1326-1407). Born in Barcelona. The son of Sheshes Perfet, Rav Yitzchak is considered a student of Rav Shlomo ben Aderes (the Rashba) as he followed his teachings, though he actually studied under the Ran. He wrote commentaries on the Talmud, Torah and halachos and served as Rav of Saragossa. He strongly opposed Aristotle's approach and strongly discouraged the study of kabbalah. When the widespread massacres started in 1391 CE, Rivash fled to the safety of North Africa, settling in Algiers. There he was appointed to be Chief Rabbi, a position recognized by the Algerian government.

Rav Eliezer Hager of Vizhnitz, the Damesek Eliezer, born to the “Ahavas Yisrael” of Vizhnitz, a small town in Bukovina on the eastern slopes of the Capathian Mountains. He married Chava, daughter of Rav Yitzchak Meir of Kapishnitz (1891-1946)

Rav Avraham Yaakov of Boyan-Levov (Lemberg), Galicia (1941), 3rd of the 4 sons of Rav Yitzchak of Boyan, the Pachad Yitzchak.

Rav Shmuel Dovid Walkin, son of the Pinsker Rav the Bais Aharon, Rav in Shanghai during WWII and after the War in Queens, NY (1979)

Rav Moshe Charif of Pressburg (1758)

Rav Yissachar Ber of Nadvorna (1848)

Rav Meshulam Zusya of Zhinkov, grandson of the Ohev Yisrael of Apta (1864)

Rav Avraham Tzvi Eisenstadt (1813-1868). Born in Grodno, Russia, he became Rav of Utian. He is most famous for two publication, Pirchei Teshuva, a running commentary on Shulchan Aruch, and Pischei Teshuva, which follows the approach and format of Shaarei Teshuvah.

Rav Yitzchak Tzadikah of Jerba, Tunisia (1880).

Rav Avraham Yitzchak Kook, Chief Rabbi of Israel for 19 years of his life (1865-1935). The first chief rabbi of what was then Palestine, Rav Kook was perhaps the most misunderstood figure of his time. Born in Latvia of staunch Chassidic and Misnagid stock, he retained throughout his life a unique blend of the mystical and the rational. He was a thorough master of the entire Halachic, Midrashic, philosophic, ethical, and Kabbalistic literature. He saw the return to Eretz Yisrael as not merely a political phenomenon to save Jews from persecution, but an event of extraordinary historical and theological significance. Rabbi Hutner once said that Rav Kook peered down on our world from great heights and hence his perspective was unique. Above all, Rav Kook pulsated with a sense of the Divine. Though keenly aware of the huge numbers of non-observant Jews, he had a vision of the repentance of the nation. His concept of repentance envisioned in addition to the repentance of the individual, a repentance of the nation as a whole; a repentance which would be joyous and healing. He refused to reject Jews as long as they identified themselves as Jews. He called for and envisioned a spiritual renaissance where "the ancient would be renewed and the new would be sanctified."

Rav Yitzchak Yeshaya Halberstam of Tchetchov (1864-1943). Youngest son of Rav Chaim of Sanz through his third wife, Rochel Unger. Rav Yitzchak Yeshaya had four children – Hena, who married her cousin’s son, Menachem Mendel Halberstam, Yaakov Tzvi, who married his cousin, Chaya Sarah Rosenfeld, Chaim Halberstam (1882-1956), and Yechezkel Shraga Halberstam (born 1905)

Rav Moshe Friedman (known as “Rav Moishenu”) of Boyan-Cracow (1881-1943). A son of Rav Shalom Yosef of Husyatin and great-grandson of Rav Yisrael of Rizhin, he married his cousin, Miriam, whose father, Rav Menachem Nachum of Boyan-Tchernowitz, was the son of the Pachad Yitzchak of Boyna. After the wedding, they lived with the Pachad Yitzchak in Boyan for 13 years. In 1934, Rav Meir Shapiro of Lublin passed away, and Rav Moishenu replaced him. He lived in Cracow, and then Tarno in
1940. On the 2nd of Elul of 1943, he and 7000 Jews of Tarna were sealed into cattle cars and taken to Aushwitz; the survivors of the trip, including Rav Moishenu, were gassed to death.

Rav Shraga Feivel Mendelowitz (1886-1948). Pursuing his dream, to “dot the American continent with Hebrew day schools," he founded Torah Umessorah, and he established his "Bais Hamidrash l'Mechanchim" in Monsey, NY, as well as Yeshiva Torah Vodaas. See also

Rav Aryeh Leib Teumim, the author of "Gur Aryeh" (1831)

Rav Yeshaya of Przedborz (1756-1831). Born in Lask, near Lodz, he was descended from a rabbinical family. His great-grandfather, Rav Meir Getz, was the Rav of Lask and of Piotrkow. His father, Rav Meir, died when Rav Yeshaya was young, leaving no other son. When he was 14, a wealthy businessman from Przedborz took Rav Yeshaya as a son-in-law. There, he met the Yid Hakadosh, Rav Yaakov Yitzchak. Together, they traveled to Lithuania to learn from the Chozeh.

Rav Meir Simcha Hakohen of Dvinsk, the Ohr Someach and Meshech Chochma (1843-1926). In a famous near prophetic passage written before 1926, he presents a brilliant theory of Jewish history in exile and refers to those who forget their origins and think “Berlin is Jerusalem”, and are doomed to destruction (B’chukosai). R' Meir Simcha served as Rabbi of Dvinsk for nearly 40 years. R' Meir Simcha was a strong supporter of the settlement of Eretz Yisrael and greeted the Balfour Declaration with enthusiasm. In 1906 he was offered the position of rabbi of Jerusalem but bowed to the entreaties of his congregants to remain in Dvinsk.

Rav Moshe Aharon Pinto (1995), heeding his father’s command to avoid temporal pleasures, secluded himself in his home for forty years and living on almost nothing but scraps of bread dipped in oil. After these 40 years, he traveled, explaining, “Hashem created a beautiful world. What will I tell Him when He asks me after 120 years whether I witnessed and appreciated the wonders of His creation?” Rav Moshe Aharon’s descendants have printed and distributed thousands of copies of the “Perek Shira” that describes how every creature is part of a worldwide symphony of Hashem’s praise. Rav Moshe Aharon’s oldest son, Rav Chaim is the rav of Ashdod, and Rav Chaim’s son, Rav Yoshiyahu Yosef, has created the “Shuvah Yisrael” organization, which draws many youngsters back to Torah and mitzvos. Another of Rav Moshe Aharon’s sons, Rav Yaakov, traveled to America after Rav Moshe Aharon’s passing and founded the Pinto Center in Los Angeles during the 1980s. He is president of the “Netivei Chaim veMoshe Pinto” Institutions that he and his brothers established in Ashdod, which include a beis medrash, a supermarket and kitchen for the needy, a publishing house, and much more.

Rav Dovid Zvi Shlomo Biederman, known as Reb Dovid'l (1844-1918), leader of Chassidic community of Yerushalayim. Born in Lelov, his parents were Rav Eliezer Menachem Mendel of Lelov and Rebbetzin Matil Feiga. His mother’s grandfather was the Chozeh of Lublin. Reb Dovid'l was named after the founder of the Lelov dynasty, Rav Dovid (1745-1813) who was a direct descendant of Dovid HaMelech and a talmid of the Chozeh. Rav Dovid of Lelov was succeeded by his son, Rav Moshe (1776-1851). His son, Rav Eliezer Menachem Mendel, who decided to stay on in Yerushalayim. At that time, the Chassidic community of Eretz Yisrael was based mostly in Tzefas and Teveryah, and for the next few decades, the sole Chassidic court in Yerushalayim was that of Lelov. In his younger years, Rav Dovid'l traveled back to Europe to visit its tzaddikim. He was so impressed by Rav Aharon the Second of Karlin that, from that time on, he considered himself his chassid and observed all the customs of Karlin. In 1883 succeeded his father as Lelover Rebbe. However, there was an irony: on the one hand, Rav Dovid'l was now officially the fourth Lelover Rebbe while, on the other hand, he davened at the top of his voice with immense emotion, in true Karliner style. Reb Dovid'l was the official head of Kollel Warsaw, and with the funds, he established the neighborhood of Batei Warsaw, now a part of Meah Shearim. Lelov flourishes until this day with descendants heading courts in Yerushalayim, Bnei Brak, and New York.

Miriam Bella, sister of the Rama and wife of the head of Crakow Jewery (1619)

Rav Dov Cohen, author of Seder Hashulchan, one of the last remaining students of Chevron Yeshiva in Chevron under the Alter of Slabodka. Although he was born in Seattle, he was taken to Eretz Yisrael when he was 14 years old, because his mother was not satisfied with the chinuch in America. Before the founding of the state, he was Rav of several shuls, and after 1948, he served as Rav of the Israeli Air Force for 5 years (1912-2005).

Rav Moshe Mintz, author of Sha'alos U'teshuvos Maharam Mintz. His teacher was Rav Yaakov Weil, the Mahari Weil, Rav of Augsburg and Erfurt (d. mid-15th century Germany).

Rav Gershon Shaul Yom Tov Lipman Heller (1579-1654). Born several days after the death of his father, Nosson, he was raised by his grandfather, Moshe Wallerstein HaLevi Heller in Vienna. At the age of 13, he was sent to study in Prague with the MaHaRaL. At 18, he was appointed to the MaHaRaL's judicial court in Prague, a position he held for 27 years. In 1622, he left Prague for Nicholsburg where he served as Rav and Av Beis Din. However, after 6 months he was called to serve in Vienna, as Av Beis Din. In 1627, he was chosen to head the Beis Din of Prague. However, after only 6 months, he was imprisoned for 40 days after which he was released penniless. He was forbidden to practice his profession as well. By 1630 the ban was lifted and in 1631, he was asked to take a position in Nimerov. In 1634 he was elected rabbi in Ludmir where he remained for a total of 7 years. In 1641 he became Av Beis Din and Rav of the Jewish community in Crakow where he died 13 years later. He is buried in the Crakow cemetery along the fence in the area devoted to the poor and the needy. In addition to his famous Tosefos Yom Tov, one of the most important commentaries on Misha, he authored the Sefer “Tzuras HaBayis,” a detailed explanation of Rashi’s view of the Third Temple as described by Ezekiel (chapters 40-43).

Rav Yekusiel Yehuda Teitelbaum, Av Beis Din of Sighet, Romania, the Yetev Lev (1808 [or 1818]-1883), son of Rav Eliezer (Nissan) Teitelbaum, Av Beis Din of Drahbitsch (Drogobytz), and grandson of Rav Moshe Teitelbaum, the Yismach Moshe. Shortly after his marriage, he was invited to become Av Beis Din of Stropkov in 1832, which led to similar positions in Ujhely (1841), Gorlitz, Drahbitsch (1857), and Sighet (1858). In addition to Yetev Lev, he authored Yitav Panim, and Avnei Tsedek.

Rav Yechezkel Sarna, born in Horodok, near Minsk (1891-1969). At the age of 11, he went to Slobodka, near Kovno. In 1903, he started learning at Yeshivas Knesses Yisrael, under the rosh yeshiva, Rav Chaim Rabinowitz. A year later, Rav Yechezkel went with Rav Rabinowitz to Telze, only to return in 1907, now under Rav Nosson Tzvi Finkel, the Alter of Slobodka. At that time, Slobodka's beis midrash was filled with some of the great Torah scholars of Lithuania, including Rav Aharon Kotler, Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky, and Rav Eliezer Man Shach. In 1924, the Lithuanian government had decided to revoke the right of yeshiva students to an exemption from army service. After consulting with the Alter, it was decided that part of the yeshiva should be transferred to Eretz Yisrael. It was decided to transfer the yeshiva to Chevron. In 1926, a new mashpia ruchani was appointed: Rav Leib Chasman. After the petirah of the Alter in the winter of 1917, Rav Yechezkel gained recognition as the mussar leader in the citadel of the Alter, along with Rav Leib Chasman. In Av of 1929, blood baths inundated the country; one of the worst hit was the Jewish settlement in Hevron. During the infamous savage massacre by Hevron's Arabs, twenty-four of the yeshiva's students lost their lives. He himself had gone to Yerushalayim on the Thursday prior to the Shabbos of the massacre, but due to the tense situation he was unable to return to Hevron in time for Shabbos. Rebuilding slowly in Yerushalayim, by Rosh Hashanah the yeshiva had already assumed once more the form of a yeshiva in the full sense of that term.

Rav Meir Zvi Ehrentreu, Manchester Yeshiva Rosh Kollel and Rosh Yeshiva (2000). The son of HaRav Yisroel Ehrentreu principal of Prestwich Jewish Day School, was born in Frankfurt. He married the daughter of HaRav Yehuda Zeev Segal Among his descendents are four sons - his bechor and successor as Rosh Hakollel Rav Moshe Yitzchak, Rav Shloime Zalman, Rav Aharon, and Rav Avraham Ehrentreu of Antwerp. His brother is HaRav Yonah Yosef Ehrentreu, zt"l, the rav of the Adas Yeshurun community of Bnei Brak.

Rav Avraham Dovid Horowitz, the Strasbourger Rav (1911-2004). Born to Rav Shlomo Yehuda Friedlander, the Av Beis Din of Bulechov, and Rebbetzin Resha. His mother was the daughter of Rav Pinchas HaLavi Horowitz, author of Beis Pinchas and Pischa Zuta. When he was 4 years old, his mother died; 5 years later, his father also died. He crossed the border from Galicia to Hungary to join his grandfather, who was then Rav of Grosvardein, and adopted his family name. In 1934, he married the daughter of the Ratzferter Rebbe, a descendent of the Divrei Chaim. He served as a dayan in Grosvardein, then as a Rosh Yeshiva of the Vizhnitzer Yeshiva there. His family was deported to Auschwitz and Birkenau. There he lost his wife and 5 daughters. After the War, he served as Rav of Landsberg and Augsberg and there opened the first post-war yeshiva, together with his uncle, the Klausenberger Rebbe. He remarried and became Av Beis Din and Rav of Strausburg, where he stayed for 30 years. In 1978, he moved to yerushalayim and took the position of chaver habadatz in the beis din of the Eida Chareidis. Many of his chidushim are recorded in Kinyon Torah.

Rav Reuven Margulios (1889-1971). His published works range from biographies and history books to discussions of the behavior of Talmud sages, including behavior which is seemingly unusual, and explain it in light of those sages' halachic opinions. It truly appears that there was no section of Shas or Midrash, no Rishon or Acharon, and no aspect of kabbalah which was not at Rav Margalios's finger tips. His works include Malachei Elyon (an encyclopedia on angels), Margoliyos Hayam (a commentary on Meseches Sanhedrin), Nefesh Chayah (a commentary on Shulchan Aruch), Nitzotzei Zohar (a commentary on the Zohar and Tikunei Zohar), Olelos (essays on Tanach, Shah, the siddur and history), and many others.

Rav Aryeh Leib Lopian, Rosh Yeshiva of Gateshead (1979)

Birthday (1566 BCE) and Yartzeit (1441 BCE) of Dan ben Yaakov Avinu (Midrash Tadshe)

Rav Chisdai ben Shmuel HaKohen Perachia (1678). He was the author of responsa called Toras Chessed. He died in Salonika (then Turkey, now Greece).

Rav Avraham Shimshon HaKohen of Rashkov, son of the Toldos Yaakov Yosef. He was one of talmidim of the Besht that went to Eretz-Yisrael

Rav Yosef Yoel Deutsch, Av Beis Din and first Rav of Kretchinef (1858). He also served as Dayan in Tarnopol from 1832 to 1839, and Rav in Manistrich in Galicia from 1846. He authored Yad Yosef, a collection of 124 responsa on the four sections of Shulchan Aruch. His son, Rav Dovid Nosan Deutsch, wrote Nefesh Dovid.

Rav Moshe Sheinfeld (1933)

Rav Tzadok HaKohen Rabinowitz of Lublin, author of Pri Tzadik, Resisei Layla, and other works (1823-1900). The son of Rav Yaakov HaKohen, Rav of Kreisberg, Rav Tzadok studied only the revelead aspects of Torah (halacha and Talmud) until he was 24. Beginning in 1847, he learned only kabbalistic teachings. Rabbi Tzadok became a chasid of the Izbitcher Rebbe and a close friend of Rav Yehuda Leib Eiger. Upon the death of Rav Eiger in 1888, he agreed to take over the leadership of the chasidim. Rabbi Tzadok was a prolific writer whose works made an enormous impact with their profound thoughts. Besides writing numerous chidushim, he also wrote scholarly essays on astronomy, geometry, and algebra.

Rav Nachum Mordechai Perlow of Novominsk, Poland (1887-1976). The son of R' Alter Yisrael Shimon (the Tiferes Ish) and grandson of R' Yaakov, the first Novominsker Rebbe and author of the sefer Shufra D'Yaakov. In 1916, Rav Nachum married Beila Rochma, the daughter of Rav Yitzchak Zelig Morgenstern, the Sokolover Rebbe. The Sokolover Rebbe was one of the leading founders of Agudas Yisrael, as well as a Rosh Yeshiva. He was also a direct descendant of the Kotzker Dynasty, and he embodied the approach of Kotzk. Rav Nachum learned with his father-in-law for five years and later helped his father-in-law found the Yeshiva Beis Yisrael in Sokolov. In 1926 he journeyed to the United States to raise financial resources for the Sokolover Yeshiva, eventually choosing to make his home and open his Beis Medrash in the Brooklyn. He authored the sefer Pe’er Nachum. He was actively involved in Agudath Israel, and his son, R' Yaakov, is the current Novominsker Rebbe and one of the leading rabbinic figures in the United States today.

Rav Yonasan Shteif, Rov of K'hal Adas Yere'im-Vien in New York

Rav Yitzchak Friedman, the first Rebbe of Bohush (1834-1896). The eldest grandchild of the Ruzhiner, Reb Yitzchak was only a year younger than the Ruzhiner's youngest son, Reb Mordechai Shraga, and was cared for and educated by the Ruzhiner himself, regarded more as one of the Ruzhiner's children than as his grandchild. Reb Yitzchak's father, Reb Shalom Yosef, was the eldest of the Ruzhiner's six sons. Reb Yitzchak was only 16 years old when his father passed away. For a few years he lived in the town of Potik with his uncle Reb Dovid Moshe of Chortkov. Later on, Reb Yitzchak moved to the town of Ezemal and then finally to Bohush in Romania, becoming known as the Bohusher Rebbe.

Rav Yehuda Aryeh Perlow (1878-1961). Born in Novominsk, Poland, where his father, R' Yaakov, was rabbi and Rebbe. When R' Yaakov died in 1902, his chassidim divided their allegiance between his sons R' Yehuda Aryeh and R' Alter Yisrael Shimon. The former established his chassidic court in the town of Vlodova while the latter remained in Novominsk. In 1912, R' Yehuda Aryeh assumed the additional positions of Rav and Av Beis Din of Vlodova, and he founded a yeshiva there. In 1922, he accepted the call from his chassidim who had settled in the United States, and he reestablished his court in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn. R' Perlow was among the founders of the Agudath Israel of America.

Rav Moshe Yehuda Leib of Peshkan, 3rd son of Rav Yitzchak of Bohush (1947). Recognized as one of the greatest leaders of Romanian Jewry, his chassidim numbered in the thousands. With the outbreak of the Second World War he moved to Bucharest where he founded and was president of the Agudas ha-Rabbonim (Rabbinical Union). He spearheaded the many campaigns to help save Romanian Jewry from their oppressors.

Rav Pinchas Shapiro of Koritz, author of No'fes Tzufim and Imrei Pinchas; Talmid of the Baal Shem Tov (1791)

Rav Yitzchak Yaakov Reines (1839-1915). Born in Karolin, Belorussia (White Russia), he was appointed Rav of Shavkyana, Lithunia, and then moved to Sventsyany (a district of Vilna) to serve as Rav and Av Beis Din. There, he set up a yeshiva in which secular subjects were taught along with normal yeshiva curriculum. In 1883 he went to Lida where he served as Rabbi and Av Bet Din and by 1905 his established reputation gave him the ability to set up without opposition the yeshiva that he wanted under the name of Torah and Madah, which lasted ten years. Neve Yaakov, a suburb of Jerusalem established in 1924, is named after him.

Rav Avraham Yaakov Friedman, the Sadigurer Rebbe (1819-1883), second son of Rav Yisrael of Rhuzhin. Rav Avraham Yaakov married Miriam, the daughter of Rav Aharon Karliner. His elder son, Rav Yitzchak (1849-1917), became the first Boyanner Rebbe. His younger son, Yisrael (1853-1907), succeeded him in Sadigora as the rebbe of tens of thousands.

Rav Shalom Yosef Friedman, son of Rav Yisrael of Rizhin and brother of Rav Avraham Yaakov Friedman of Sadigerer (1851).

Rav Gavriel Ze'ev Wolf (Velvel) Margolis (1847-1935). Born in Vilna, from age 14 to 17, he studied under R' Yaakov Brit, one of the teachers of the Chafetz Chaim. In 1864, he married the daughter of R' Nachumke of Horodna (Grodno). Beginning in 1876, R' Margolis served as rabbi in several Lithuanian towns. In 1880, after the death of his father-in-law, he settled in Grodno where he taught for 27 years. In 1907, he was brought to Boston, Massachusetts as its Chief Rabbi. In 1912, R' Margolis moved to Manhattan's Lower East Side as rabbi of the Adas Yisrael congregation. R' Margolis' Torah commentary Toras Gavriel was published in the 1920s.

Rav Simchah Bunim of Pshischa, author of Kol Simchah, (1767-1827). Rav Simcha Bunim studied in the yeshivos of Mattersdorf and Nikolsburg under the guidance of Rav Mordechai Banet. He spent many years as a business man and a pharmacist, then became a follower of the Chozeh of Lublin and of the Yid Hakadosh of Pshischa, whom he succeeded as the Rebbe of Pshischa. His writings express the new approach to Chasidus which placed great emphasis on introspection and intense Torah study. His most famous disciple was Rav Menachem Mendel of Kotzk, the Kotzker Rebbe.

Rav Shimon of Toledo, son of the Rosh (1342)

Rav Yitzchak Zelaznik, Rosh Yeshivas Me'or Eliyahu

Rav Moshe Elkayam Hopstein of Kozhnitz, author of Be'er Moshe (1757-1828). His father, Rav Yisrael, the Maggid of Kozhnitz, was one of Rav Elimelech of Lizhensk's greatest talmidim. Rav Moshe Elyakim's first marriage was to a daughter of Rav Yehuda Leib HaKohen of Anipoli, a talmid of the Maggid of Mezritch and author of the sefer, Ohr HaGanuz. After the sad passing of his first wife, Rav Moshe Elyakim married a daughter of Rav Elazar, the son of Rav Elimelech of Lizhensk. After his passing in 1815, the Maggid's teachings were perpetuated by his famous talmidim, who included Rav Tzvi Elimelech of Dinov, Rav Yaakov Aryeh of Radzimin, Rav Naftali Tzvi of Ropshitz, Rav Shalom of Belz, Rav Yissachar Ber of Radoshitz, the Chiddushei HaRim and, of course, his son and successor, Rav Moshe Elyakim. Rav Moshe Elyakim's followers included many well-known talmidei chachamim, and counted among them the young Chiddushei HaRim, founder of the Gerer dynasty.

Rav Shmuel Tolwinski (1914-2004). Born in Semyatitch, Poland, his grandfather was a close chassid of the Kotzker Rebbe. He learned at Kamenitz with Rav Baruch Ber Leibowitz, and later at the Mirrer Yeshiva. When he was only 15, he substituted as maggid shiur at Novardok, when an older rebbe took leave for a year. In the 1950s, he moved to Bnai Brak and learned at the Chazon Ish Kollel. He married Henna Gella Sifman. He moved to Los Angeles, giving a popular gemara shiur for 30 years and teaching at Yeshiva Toras Emes. He lived his last few years in Monsey with his children.

Rav Yosef Chaim of Baghdad, author of Ben Ish Chai, Od Yosef Chai, Rav Pe’alim, Ben Yehoyada, Aderet Eliyahu, and Imrei Bina, and many other works (1832-1904). Both his grandfather, Rav Moshe Chaim, and his father, Rav Eliyahu, served as Rav of Baghdad. Rav Eliyahu and his wife were childless for many years. Finally, 10 years after their marriage, his wife made the long journey from Baghdad to Morocco to request a blessing from the renowned Rav Yaakov Buchatzeira, the Abir Yaakov. The tzaddik blessed her that she would give birth to a child who would one day illuminate the eyes of Jews everywhere. Less than a year later, she gave birth to a boy, who was named Yosef Chaim. As a child, he spent most of his time studying in his father's large library. At the age of 10, he left the Sephardic cheder in which he learned and began to study with his uncle, the tzaddik Rav Dovid Chai Nissim. Rav Dovid later founded the famed Shoshanim LeDovid Yeshiva located in the Beis Yisrael section of Yerushalayim. When his father passed away, Rav Yosef Chaim was only 25 years old. Nevertheless, the Jews of Baghdad accepted him to fill his fathers position as Rav of Baghdad. His opinion on halachic issues was sought throughout the Sephardi world and is still followed by thousands of people from these communities, and even outside these communities. Rav Yosef Chaim's son, Rav Yaakov, succeeded him as rav and maggid of Baghdad. His main disciple was the kabbalist and tzaddik Rav Yehuda Moshe Petaya.

Rav Yaakov Yisrael Twersky of Tcherkas (Czerkass), son of the Magid of Chernobyl and author of Emek Tefilla (1876)

Rav Yaakov Gezundteheit of Warsaw (1878)

Rav Avraham Yissochor Rabinowitz, the Chesed LeAvraham (1843-1892). The 2nd Rebbe of Radomsk, following Rav Shlomo HaCohen Rabinowicz (1801-1866), the Tiferes Shlomo.

Rav Yerachmiel Moshe Hopstein of Kozhnitz (1860-1909). The scion of a long line of Kozhnitzer Rebbes, beginning with the Kozhnitzer Maggid and through Rav Yechiel Yaakov, Rav Yerachmiel’s father. When Yerachmiel was only 6 years old, his father was niftar, and the Rebbetzen married Rav Aharon (the 2nd) of Stolin. Reb Yerachmiel was engaged to be married at the age of 12, but the wedding was pushed off for two years, due to the untimely death of the Bais Aharon of Stolin and his son, Rav Asher. The following year, in 1875, Rav Yerachmiel returned to Kozhnitz to lead his flock of Chasidim, a job he performed for 34 years.

Rav Avraham Fish (1998)

Rav Chanoch Henach Eiges of Vilna, author of Marcheshes. Learned under Rav Alexander Moshe Lapidus at his Kollel in Rassein.

Rav Yaakov Koppel Chassid, the chazzan of the Baal Shem Tov and founder of the Kosov and Vizhnitz dynasties (1787). Born in Kolomaya, Ukraine, he was able to trace his family-tree through his father, Rav Nechemyah Feivel, back to the Baalei Tosfos of Provence and beyond, to Dovid HaMelech. His most famous work, Shaar Gan Eden, was printed posthumously in 1854.He also wrote a kabbalist commentary on the Siddur Kol Yaakov, printed in 1859, based on the nusach of the Arizal, and a kabbalistic commentary on the Haggadah. Some of his Torah ideas are quoted by his son, Rav Menachem Mendel of Kosov, in his sefer, Ahavas Shalom.

Rav Avraham Landau, the Strikover Rebbe of Bnei Brak (1917-2001). Born in Kinov, in the Ostrovtze region of Poland. His father, Rav Yaakov Yitzchak Dan, served as rav of the city. Avraham was raised by his grandfather, Rav Elimelech Menachem Mendel. At the age of 13, Avraham began to study in the Chachmei Lublin yeshiva. When the 2nd World War broke out, he was at his parents' home and he fled with his father to Lodz, from which the family fled to Warsaw, and from there, at the directive of his father, Avraham fled to Baranowitz. A week after his arrival in Baranowitz he fled to Vilna, during Chanukah 1939. There, he began to study under the Griz (Rav Velvel Soloveitchik) of Brisk. In 1946, he married a great-granddaughter of the Chiddushei Harim of Gur. After their marriage he learned that his father and eight of his siblings had perished in the Holocaust, and that only he and his sister remained alive from the entire Strikover dynasty.

Rav Chaim Benveniste (1603-1673). A disciple of Rav Yosef Trani. Born in Constantinople, he was appointed Rav of Tita (near Izmir) in 1644. In 1658, he was appointed one of the rabbis of Izmir. He became an adherent of Reb Shabsai Tzvi (1665-67) but subsequently repented. He authored Kenesses HaGedolah, a digest of halachic material from the time of Rav Yosef Caro until his own time. {Hamodia 2005: 19 Elul}

Rav Nosson Nota Shapiro, maggid of Lublin (1752).

Rav Yosef Yoska of Dubno, author of Yesod Yosef, an encyclopedic work on mussar, drawing heavily on the Zohar (1800). A student of the Maggid of Mezritch.

Rav Dovid Dov Taub, Rav of of Dabrizinsk, author of Binyan Dovid (1899).

Rav Yakov Kopel Reich, Rav of Budapest (1838-1929). Born in the city of Verboi to Rav Avraham Yechezkel, who was the son of Rav Yaakov Kopel Charif, author of Sefer Yaavatz on Chulin. He learned in Pressburg under the Kesav Sofer and in Grossvardein under Rav Yitzchak Aharon Landesberg. In 1860, he succeeded his father-in-law as Rav of Sobotitch. In 1872, he became Rav of Verboi, and in 1890, he was appointed Rav of Budapest.

Rav Yehuda Loew, the Maharal (1525-1609). Born in Posen, Poland, on the night of the Pesach Seder, to a distinguished family of rabbis that traced its ancestry to King Dovid. He was the youngest of four brothers. The Maharal married at the age of 32 to Pearl. He had six girls and one boy who was named after the Maharal's father, Betzalel. In 1553 he was elected rabbi of Nikolsburg and the Province of Moravia, where he remained for the following 20 years. In 1573 he moved to Prague, where he opened a yeshiva. In 1592 the Maharal accepted the position of rabbi in Posen, returning to Prague in 1598 to serve as its chief rabbi. The Maharal castigated the educational methods of his day where boys were taught at a very young age and insisted that children must be taught in accordance with their intellectual maturity. One of his leading disciples was R. Yom Tov Heller, author of the classic mishnaic commentary, Tosafos Yom Tov, who, in his introduction informs us that the Maharal greatly encouraged group study of the Mishna. At the same time, he was fully conversant with the scientific knowledge of his time as well as friendly with some of the contemporary eminent scientists. His disciple, Dovid Ganz, worked in the observatory of Tycho Brahe, the distinguished astronomer. He was a prolific writer, and his works include: Tiferes Yisrael on the greatness of Torah and mitzvos; Nesivos Olam, on ethics; Be'er Hagolah, a commentary on rabbinic sayings; Netzach Yisrael, on exile and redemption; Or Chadash, on the book of Esther; Ner Mitzvah, on Chanukah; Gevuros Hashem, on the Exodus; and many others. Rav Kook stated that the "Maharal was the father of the approach of the Gaon of Vilna on the one hand, and of the father of Chasidus, on the other hand." He has been described as a Kabbalist who wrote in philosophic garb.

Rav Abdala Somech, rebbe of Ben Ish Chai and head of Iraqi Jewry (1813-1889). Born in Baghdad, he traced his lineage back to Rav Nissim Gaon, head of the yeshivah of Neharda'ah.

Rav Ze’ev Nachum Bornstein, author of Agudas Eizov, Rav of Elkush and Biala, father of Rav Avraham Borenstein of Sochachov, the Avnei Nezer (1885). {Hamodia 2005: 19 Elul}

Rav Yaakov of Orleans, one of the Baalei Tosefos and a student of Rabbeinu Tam, was killed with many other Jews in London during pogroms after the coronation of King Richard the Lion-Hearted, 1189. [others say it was 3 Elul]

Rav Moshe Zvi Aryeh Bick (1911-1990). Born in Medzbosz (Mezhbizh), Ukraine, but grew up in New York, he is recognized as one of the first gedolim to be raised on American soil. He studied under R' Moshe Soloveitchik at the Yeshiva Rabbeinu Yitzchak Elchanan Spektor and attended New York City public schools at night. At age 21, R' Bick was hired by a shul in the Bronx. While there, he founded schools for both boys and girls. Later, he moved to Boro Park. He was recognized as a master posek by both chassidic and non-chassidic communities, but never published his teshuvos.

Rav Hillel Vitkind, Rosh Yeshiva of Beis Hillel of Novardok-Tel Aviv in Bnei Brak. He and his Rebetzen were moser nefesh for bochurim arriving on the shores of Eretz Yisrael. They lived a life of great poverty as a result of the tremendous expenses which they incurred for saving the bochurim.

Rav Chaim Benbenishti [Hayim Benveniste] (1599 [or 1603]-1673), Chief Rabbi of Izmir (Smyrna) in the 1660s. He authored Knesses Hagedola, a commentary on the Shulkhan Aruch.

Rav Elimelech Alter Paneth (“Reb Meilech”) , the Deizher Rebbe (1928-2005). Born to Rav Yosef and Rebbetzen Lifash Paneth in Tekendorf, Romania, he lived with his family in Paris after the War, before they all emigrated to the United States. He married Rebbetzen Yocheved in 1951.

Rav Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman, Rosh Yeshiva of Ponovezh (1886-1969). Born in Kuhl, Lithuania, a small town of about 500 of which about a third were Jews. At the age of 14 he went to the Telshe Yeshiva, where he learned until he was twenty. He then spent a half year in Novardok, after which he spent three years in Radin under the Chafetz Chaim. He married the daughter of the rov of Vidzh, and took over there at the end of 1911, when his father-in-law became the rov of Wilkomir. With the passing of Rav Itzele Rabinowitz on the 21st of Adar I in 1919, Rav Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman was appointed the new rav of Ponevezh at the age of 33. He was elected to the Lithuanian parliament. He immigrated to Israel in 1940 and built Kiryat HaYesHiva in Bnei Brak and Batei Avot orphanages.

Rav Eliyahu Lopian (1872-1970), author of Lev Eliyahu; mashgiach of Kelm; Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshiva Etz Chaim in London, and mashgiach at Kfar Chassidim. R' Shalom Schwadron (1911-1997) was one of his talmidim. After having dedicated 25 years of his life to Yeshivas Eitz Chaim, Reb Elyah passed the leadership of the yeshivah over to Rav Greenspan. Reb Elyah moved to Israel in 1950, when he was 76 years old.

Rav Moshe Aryeh Freund, Av Beis Din of Yerushalayim. Born in Honiad, Hungary, to Rav Yisrael Freund, Av Beis Din of Honiad, and Sara, the daughter of the Rav of Honiad, Rav Zev Goldberger. He could trace his family back to the Rema, the Maharshal, the Shach, and the Beis Yosef. When he was 16, he married his cousin, the daughter of Rav Baruch Goldberger. Before World War II, he served as Rosh Yeshiva in Satmar. In 1944, he was taken to Aushwitz, where his wife and nine children were murdered. In 1951, he settled in Yerushalayim as Rav of the Satmar community. In 1969, he was invited to preside over the beis din of the Eida Hachareidis (1894-1996)

Rav Avraham Sternhertz, elder of Breslaver Chassidim

Rav Yehonasan Eybeshutz (1690-1764). Born in Cracow, he became head of the Prague yeshiva at the age of twenty-one. In 1741 he became Rabbi in Metz, and in 1750 he became Rabbi of Altona/Hamburg/Wandsbeck (AHU), where he had major disagreements with RavYaakov Emden. He was learned in many areas, including halacha, kabbalah, philosophy and science. He was the author of many halachic works, as well as collections of sermons and unpublished works on kabbalah. Thirty of his works in the area of halacha have been published. His works included Urim V'tumim, Kereisi Ufleisi, Yaaros Dvash, and Ahavas Yehonasan (a commentary on the weekly haftorahs).

Rav Yaakov HaLevi ben Moshe Moellin (the Maharil). Born in Mainz, Germany, he was the primary disciple of Rav Shalom of Neustadt. The Maharil authored Minhagei Maharil, the primary source of Minhagei Ashkenaz, cited frequently by the Rema in Shulchan Aruch. The Maharil lived through the mass slaughter of Jews in Austria in 1420 and the Hussite wars in 1421, which brought suffering to the Jews of Bavaria and the Rhine. (1365-1427) [22 Elul, per Yated 2006]

Rav Baruch Yitzchak Levine (1910-1988). His paternal grandfather was Rav Menachem Nachum, who was very close to the Chafetz Chaim and was a talmidim of Rav Nachum of Horodna, the Chafetz Chaim’s mentor. His maternal grandfather was Rav Yehuda Leib Dovidson, a talmid of Rav Yisrael Salanter, who served as Rav in Des Moines, Iowa, and later in Ohio and Los Angeles. Shortly after his Bar Mitzvah, Rav Baruch Yitzchak went to learn in Grodna under Rav Shimon Shkop, then to Baranovich to learn under Rav Elchonon Wasserman for 3 years. He moved to Eretz Yisrael in 1938 and headed for the Lomza Yeshiva in Petach Tikva. Within a few months, he married the daughter of Rav Avraham Yitzchak Tikochinsky. Shortly thereafter, he became Rav of the Mekor Chaim suburb of Yerushalayim and started a yeshiva there with the assistance of Rav Eizek Sher of Slobodka.

Rav Yisrael of Pikov, son of Rav Levi Yitzchak of Berditchev (1818)

Rav Uri, the Seraph of Strelisk, author of Imrei Kodesh (1826). A disciple of Rav Shlomo of Karlin and of Rav Mordechai of Neshchiz, he was the brother-in-law of Rav Menachem Mendel of Kosov. His main disciple was Rav Yehuda Zvi Hirsch, the first of the Stretyn dynasty.

Rav Yosef Baabad, the Minchas Chinuch (a commentary on Sefer Hachinuch), Rav of Tarnapol, Poland (1874). His “last name” is an acronym for B'nei Av Beit Din.

Rav Yitzchak Menachem Danziger, the Alexander Rebbe, author of Akeidas Yitzchak, killed in Treblinka with eight of his children (1942)

Rav Meir Yehuda Getz, Rav of the Kosel and Rosh Yeshivas Beit El (1924-1995). After one of his sons, a paratrooper, was killed in the battle for Jerusalem during the 1967 Six Day War, Rav Getz moved to the Old City and settled in the Jewish Quarter. He established a yeshiva there, and took up the duties he held until his death. In July 1981 Rav Getz was constructing a new synagogue behind the Wall that would face the Temple Mount. While the construction was going on, workers accidentally discovered Warren's Gate and an open area behind it that they believed to be from the First Temple period.

Rav Nachman Dovid Dubinky (1911-2006). Born in The Old City of Yerushalayim, where his father came after leaving Russia as a Breslaver chossid. His father was niftar when Rav Nachman was 16 years old. He learned in Yeshivas Eitz Chaim for decades. There, he heard shiurim from Rav Issur Zalman, Rav Aharon Kotler, as well as the Gidulei Shmuel, Rav Shmuel Gedalya Neiman, and the Darkei Dovid, Rav Mordechai Dovid Levine. Rav Nachman lived in Bais Yisrael and a few other places, before settling in Botei Machsa when he and his Rebbetzin got married in 1932, after which they moved to Botei Natan where he lived for the next 70 years. Rav Nachman's occupation through the years was sitting and learning Torah.

Chabakuk Hanavi

Rav Yisrael Meir Kagan of Radin (1838-1933). As a 9-year-old boy, he entered the yeshiva in Vilna. After marrying at 17 years of age, he continued his Torah studies, in spite of extreme poverty, spending every waking moment engrossed in the holy books. The Chafetz Chaim who refused to accept a post as rabbi, opened a general store. His wife, insisting that he continue his Torah studies, managed the store. In 1869 he founded the Yeshivah of Radin. When he was 35 (1873) he published his first book, Chafetz Chaim, a compilation of the laws concerning leshon hara - spreading gossip and slander. He ultimately published over 20 books, including Ahavas Chesed, on the mitzvah of lending money, Machaneh Yisrael for Jews serving in non-Jewish armies, and Nidchei Yisrael for Jews who moved to places where there were few religious Jews, particularly America. Probably the most important book he wrote was the Mishna Berurah, a six volume commentary on Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim, which deals with the general laws of daily conduct, such as prayers, tefillin, blessings, Shabbat, and Festivals. It consists of 6 volumes and took 25 years to complete.

Rav Yechezkel Abramsky, Dayan in Slutsk and London, and Chief Dayan of the British Empire (1886-1976). He learned at the Beis Yosef yeshivah of Novardok under the Alter, Rav Yoizel Horowitz, as well as at Telz, Mir and Slabodka. He eventually became a close talmid of Rav Chaim Soloveitchik of Brisk. Rav Yechezkel spent the first half of his life serving as a rav or dayan in various communities, and in 1924, he became rav of the Slutsk, with a kehillah of over ten thousand Jews. After the Russian revolution, Rav Yechezkel fought desperately against the Communist decrees to destroy religion, and he was sentenced to five years in Siberia, in 1929. In 1931, he was released, and the Chief Rabbi of the British Empire, Rabbi Joseph H. Hertz, persuaded him to serve as Av Beis Din in London. In 1951, Rav Yechezkel moved from London to Eretz Yisrael, where Rav Eizik Sher invited him to give regular shiurim in Slabodka in Bnei Brak. Rav Yechezkel wrote twenty-five seforim in his lifetime, the best known being his monumental Chazon Yechezkel, a commentary on the entire Tosefta.

Rav Uziel, first Chief Sephardic Rabbi of Israel (1953)

Rav Yitzchak Flusberg (1941-2004). Born in Tel Aviv, he learned at the Chevron Yeshiva In Yerushalayim under Rav Meir Chadash. For a number of years, he served as Rosh Yeshiva at Tiferes Hakarmel in Chaifa. He was among the founders of Gerrer shtieblech in Golders Green in London and in Toronto, and he was one of the primary founders of the Mifal Chessed organization of Ger in Eretz Yisrael.

R. Elazar son of R. Shimon bar Yochai (102 CE)

Rav Yechiel Michel of Zlotchov, (1721-1786). The son of son of Rabbi Yitzchak of Drohovitch, he was introduced by his father to the Baal Shem Tov at a young age. He was also a student of the Maggid of Mezritch. Many of his teachings are collected in Mayim Rabim. His disciples included Rav Yehoshua Heshel of Apta. The Zlotschover Maggid also had five sons, each of whom became Rebbe in a different place. They were R' Yosef of Yampola, R' Mordechai of Kremnitz, R' Yitzchak of Radvil, R' Binyomin of Zbariz and R' Moshe of Zvhil, the first Zvhiller Rebbe.

Rav Avraham Horowitz, talmid muvhak of the Steipler Gaon. He learned at Novardok Yeshiva in Tel Aviv, then at Eitz Chaim in Yerushalayim. When he was 18, he married the daughter of Rav Chaim Yehuda Leib Auerbach, father of Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach. He became the chavrusa of the Steipler Gaon for decades and wrote a sefer called Orchos Rabbeinu detailing the customs and daily life of the Steipler and the Chazon Ish (with whom he was also very close). He also authored a set of halachic sefarim called Devar Halacha. (1925-2004).

Rav Eliyahu Tzarfati, author of Eliyahu Zuta (1805)

Rav Chaim Pinto of Mogador (1758-1845). The famous Pinto family was dispersed worldwide – primarily to Morocco, the Ottoman Empire, and Holland -- after 1497 when Portugal expelled its Jews. Rav Shlomo Pinto married his second wife, Chiyuna Beneviste, and moved to Agadir, Morocco. In 1758, Chiyuna gave birth to their son, Rav Chaim, whom they named after Rav Chaim Vital. Ten years later, Rav Shlomo passed away, leaving his son an orphan. The Sultan of Morocco, Sidi Mohammed, closed down the port of Agadir, replacing it with the new port of Mogador (or Essaquira) that he had completed 1765, far south on Morocco's west coast. Mogador's thriving businesses were jumpstarted by thirteen businessmen known as the toujiar el Sultan (the traders of the Sultan) - ten of them Jews and three of them Moslems - and thanks to them and others, Mogador helped open Morocco to Europe. Within twenty years, the Mogador Jews would comprise half or more of the town's 6,000 residents. Young Chaim moved to Mogador and learned in the yeshiva headed by the av beis din, Rav Yaakov Bibas. Over time, Rav Chaim became an accomplished mekubal and renowned for his ruach hakodesh. Rav Chaim was survived by his four distinguished sons, Rav Yehuda, Rav Yosef, Rav Yoshiyahu, and Rav Yaakov.

Rav Shmuel Abba Zikelinsky of Zichlin (1810-1879), an important disciple of Rav Simcha Bunim of Pshischah, and subsequently a Rebbe in his own right.

Rav Moshe Segal of Levov, known as Rosh Hagolah Umanhig Hamedinah (1719).

Rav Yitzchak Chiyus (Chayes), Rav in Skolya (1726). Author of of the Mishnah commentary, Zera Yitzchak.

Rav Nosson Adler, teacher of the Chasam Sofer, author of Mishnah DiRabi Nasan (1800)

Rav Yaakov Leib of Kvahl (1833)

Rav Shalom Rokeach of Belz (the Sar Shalom), founder of Belz Chassidus (1779-1855). Born in Brody and orphaned at a young age, he was brought up by his uncle, Rav Yissochar Ber, Rav of Skol (Sokohl). He was nurtured by his mentors, the Chozeh of Lublin and Rav Shlomo Lutzker, the Divras Shlomo. In 1817, he was appointed Rav of Belz, and he in 1843, the famed Belz Beis Hamedrash was completed. (It was entirely destroyed during World War II, but a replica was built in Yerushalayim years later). Among his early students was Rav Shlomo Kluger of Brody. Since the beginnings of the movement, the misnagdim had accused chasidim of devoting too much time to joyous celebrations in fellowship with their rebbes, at the expense of Torah study. By stressing the overriding importance of in-depth Torah study, the Belzer Rebbe removed the stigma of superficiality that had plagued Chasidism. He was succeeded by his son, Rav Yehoshua. In the 1940s, the Nazis all but wiped out the splendor that was Belz. After the war, the remnants of Belzer Chasidus - under the leadership of the surviving scion of the Belz dynasty, the young Rabbi Yisachar Dov - miraculously restored the former grandeur of Belz. Today the glorious new Belzer yeshivah building graces the Jerusalem skyline. Some of his teachings are recorded in the sefer, Dover Shalom.

Rav Binyamin Tzvi Auerbach (or Tzvi Binyamin Auerbach) (1808-1873). Born to Rav Avraham, a mohel in Strasburg, in France, he served as a rabbi in Darmstadt for ten years after earning semicha as well as a PhD in philosophy and Semitic languages. While living in Frankfurt, Rav Auerbach wrote the sefer Bris Avraham in memory of his father. He also spent much of his time editing the sefer Ha'Eshkol, written by the Raavad of Norvona. Years later, when he became the Rav of Halberstat, he published his work as a commentary named Nachal Eshkol. =

Rav Moshe Nota Yungreis, the Menuchas Asher (1889). [this may be an error; Asher Anshel Jungreisz is the mechanber of Menuchas Asher].

Shaul Hamelech and his three sons, 880 BCE or 878 BCE

Rav Sa’adya, father-in-law of Rav Chaim Vital (1574).

Rav Chaim Yehuda Leib Auerbach, co-founder and rosh yeshiva of Shaar Hashomayim, father of Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (1954). The yeshiva came to occupy its current premises on Rechov Rashi in the Mekor Boruch neighborhood. Among the yeshiva's first talmidim in the Old City was Rav Tzvi Pesach Frank. It remained there until 1948, when fighting broke out prior to the departure of the British. Haganah fighters took up a position on the roof of the yeshiva from where they were able to fire on the Jordanians. When the Old City fell to the Jordanians shortly thereafter, the conquering Jordanians set fire to the building with all the seforim and furniture inside. One of Rav Chaim Leib's sons, Rav Raphael Auerbach, assumed leadership of the yeshiva after his father's petira. Rav Chaim was also author of Chacham Lev.

Rav Aryeh Carmell (1917-2006) was born in England . At the age of 16 Aryeh was sent to study under Rav Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler and became his talmid muvhak. Rav Carmell began to compile Rav Dessler's teachings under his guidance. After the war he married, making his home in London. He would spend the morning hours learning bechavrusa with some of London's leading rabbanim. In the afternoon he would go to his office to work for a few hours, setting aside time every day to organize chessed and outreach activities. He was among the first to become involved in Jewish outreach over 50 years ago. Following Rav Dessler's petirah he started Yad Eliyahu in London, where children who studied at public schools were taught ahavas Torah and yiras Shomayim. He published Michtav MeEliyohu, a compilation of Rav Dessler's teachings. The first three volumes were edited with Rav Alter Halperin and Rav Chaim Friedlander, while Rav Carmell edited the fourth and fifth volumes by himself. He also adapted parts of the work into a book in English called Strive for Truth. He also co-edited Challenge: Torah Views on Science and its Problems and wrote an important booklet called Aid to Talmud Study. When the wave of Russian aliya began he wrote a book called Masterplan. Based on Rav Shamshon Raphael Hirsch's Chorev, it also presented reasons behind the mitzvos. Moving to Eretz Yisrael in 1972, Carmell settled in Jerusalem's Bayit Vegan neighborhood and helped Rav Boruch Horowitz found Yeshivas Dvar Yerushalayim, Jerusalem's first yeshiva for baalei teshuvoh. He gave shiurim on gemora, hashkofoh and Mussar.

Rav Yaakov Halevi Lipschitz, author of Zichron Yaakov and secretary of Rav Yitzchak Elchonon Spector (1922).

Rav Naftali Hertz, Rav of Pintchov (1733)

Rav Raphael Landau, son of Rav Avraham of Tchechenov (1894)

Rav Yerachmiel Yeshaya Minzberg, Rav of Likova (1905)

Rav Eliezer Deutsch of Bonihad [or Bonyhad] (1914). Author of P’ri Hasadeh, Duda-ei Hasadeh. Bonihad is a small town in Tolna County in Hungary. The first document on the Jews of Bonyhád is a tax conscritption from 1741, although on the testimony of a few tombstones in the cemetery, Jews had already settled earlier, in the first decades of the century. 1802, there were 400 Jewish families and an impressive synagogue and yeshivah. The population of about 6,500 in 1930 consisted of about 15% Jews, the largest number of Jews in Tolna County. With the German occupation in 1944, 1,180 Jews were deported to Pecs and then to Auschwitz. All but 50 perished. In 1963, 4 Jewish families remain in Bonyhad.

Rav Yisrael Rabinowitz of Skolya-Kishinev (1975)